How to help a loved one with depression?

Depression is not a short-term emotional state or simple sadness—it is a long-term condition that can affect a person's daily life, work performance, relationships, and overall quality of life. If depression is left untreated, it can become chronic or even lead to serious complications, such as a risk of suicide.

SYMPTOMS OF DEPRESSION

Symptoms of depression can vary in severity and duration, but they usually last at least two weeks. Symptoms are divided into three main categories: emotional, cognitive, and physical.

Emotional symptoms:

Persistent sadness, feelings of emptiness or hopelessness.
Irritability, anxiety, frequent crying.
Loss of interest or pleasure in activities you used to enjoy.
Feelings of worthlessness or guilt, even when there are no objective reasons.

Cognitive symptoms:

Difficulty concentrating, solving problems, or making decisions.
Pessimistic thoughts about the future.
Thoughts of self-harm or suicide.

Physical symptoms:

Lack of energy, sluggishness, frequent fatigue.
Sleep disturbances (insomnia or excessive sleepiness).
Appetite changes (weight gain or loss for no apparent reason).
Unexplained physical aches, headaches, or muscle aches without a medical explanation.

If a person experiences several of these symptoms over a long period of time, they should see a specialist to help assess the condition and prescribe appropriate treatment if necessary.

CAUSES OF DEPRESSION

Depression is often caused by a combination of factors, including biological, psychological and social factors.

Biological factors:

Genetic predisposition: Depression can be inherited, especially if there is a family history of similar cases.
Neurochemical changes: Imbalances in serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine in the brain.
Hormonal fluctuations: Pregnancy, menopause, or thyroid hormone imbalances can contribute to depression.

Psychological factors:

Long-term stress, anxiety, or negative life experiences.
Low self-esteem, pessimistic thinking.
Childhood trauma, emotional, or physical abuse.

Social factors:

Social isolation or lack of support.
Job loss, financial difficulties.
Family or relationship problems.

HOW TO HELP A LOVED ONE WITH DEPRESSION?

Depression is a serious illness that can affect a person's thoughts, feelings, and daily life. When a loved one is struggling with depression, it's important to offer them support and understanding. While professional help can help, support from loved ones is also incredibly important. Here are some ways you can help:

Listen and show understanding

Let the person talk, don't interrupt, and don't try to give advice right away. Often, the most important thing for someone suffering from depression is to feel heard and understood. Show that you are there and ready to support them.

Be supportive and encourage them to seek help

Depression is not just a bad mood—it's an illness that requires professional help. Encourage your loved one to seek help from a psychologist, psychiatrist, or family doctor. If the person is unsure, you can offer to find information about help options together.

Be patient

Don't expect depression to go away overnight. This can be a long process, with ups and downs. Don’t give up and show your loved one that you are ready to be with them throughout their healing journey.

Help with daily tasks

Depression often saps a person’s energy and motivation to do even the simplest tasks. You can help by doing housework, cooking, or just being there. Even a little help can be a big relief.

Encourage healthy habits

Suggest going for a walk, exercising, or spending time in nature together. Physical activity and fresh air can help improve your emotional state. However, it is important not to force your suggestions – it is better to show understanding and sensitivity.

Avoid belittling their feelings

Phrases like “just try to be happier” or “everyone has a hard time” should be avoided. They can make them feel like their problem is unimportant or misunderstood. Instead, say, “I can see that you are struggling, and I want to help you.”

Keep them safe

If you notice that a loved one is expressing thoughts of suicide or self-harm, it is necessary to take action. Encourage them to seek professional help immediately or seek help themselves. It is important not to be judgmental, but to show that you care and want to help.

Don't forget yourself

Caring for a loved one with depression can be emotionally difficult, so it is important to take care of your own well-being as well. Seek support from other loved ones, friends or professionals.

The most important thing is to show love, understanding and being there. Sometimes even small actions can help a person feel better and give them hope for recovery.

INFORMACINIAI ŠALTINIAI

World Health Organization (WHO)
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
Mental Health Foundation

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